Bangalore the Silicon Valley of India

Bangalore the Silicon Valley of India

Bangalore the silicon valley of India.

     

Bangalore or Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state Karnataka. It has a population of ten million or 1 crore making it a megacity.

It is the third largest city and fourth largest urban aglomeration in India.

It is located in the Mysore plateau in Deccan plateau. It is geographically located in the bayulsemme of Karnataka.

Its elevation is 920 metres 3000 feet above the sea level the highest of the mega cities. 

It is also called the silicon valley of India.

 History 

succession of South Indian dynasties, the Wesrern Gangas, the Cholas and the Hoysalas, ruled the present region of Bangalore until in 1537 CE, Kempe Gowda– a  ruler under the Vijayanagara empire – established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. In 1638, the Marathas conquered and ruled Bangalore for almost 50 years, after which the Mughals captured and sold the city to the Mysore kingdom of the Wadiyar dynasty. It was captured by the British after victory in Fourth Anglo Mysore war (1799), who returned administrative control of the city to the Maharaja of Mysore. The old city developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore and was made capital of the Princely state of Mysore, which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj.

Geography

Bangalore lies in the southeast of the south India state state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of the Mysore plateau (a region of the larger Precambrian Deccan plateau) at an average elevation of 900 m (2,953 ft). It is located at 13.00°N 78.60°E and covers an area of 741 km2 (286 sq mi). The majority of the city of Bangalore lies in the Bangalore urban district of Karnataka and the surrounding rural areas are a part of the Bangalore rural district. The Government of Karnataka has carved out the new district of Ramanagara from the old Bangalore Rural district.The topology of Bangalore is generally flat, though the western parts of the city are hilly. The highest point is Vidyaranyapura dodabettahalli, which is 962 metres (3,156 feet) and is situated to the north-west of the city. No major rivers run through the city, although the Arkavathi and South Pennar cross paths at the Nandi hills, 60 kilometres (37 miles) to the north. River   Vrishabhavathi, a minor tributary of the Arkavathi, arises within the city at Basavanagudi and flows through the city. The rivers Arkavathi and Vrishabhavathi together carry much of Bangalore's seawage. A sewerage system, constructed in 1922, covers 215 km2(83 sq mi) of the city and connects with five seawage treatment centres located in the periphery of Bangalore.In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda I constructed many lakes to meet the town's water requirements. The Kempambudhi Kere, since overrun by modern development, was prominent among those lakes. In the earlier half of 20th century, the Nandi Hills waterworks was commissioned by Sir Mirza Ismail (Diwan of Mysore, 1926–41 CE) to provide a water supply to the city. Currently, the river Kaveri provides around 80% of the total water supply to the city with the remaining 20% being obtained from the Thippagondanahalli and Hesaraghatta reservoirs of the Arkavathi river. Bangalore receives 800 million litres (211 million Us gallons) of water a day, more than any other Indian city. However, Bangalore sometimes does face water shortages, especially during summer- more so in the years of low rainfall. A random sampling study of the Air quality index (AQI) of twenty stations within the city indicated scores that ranged from 76 to 314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of traffic concentration.Bangalore has a handful of freshwater lakes and water tanks, the largest of which are Madivala tank, Hebbal  lake, Ulsoor lake, Yediyur Lake and Sankey tank. Groundwater occurs in sitly to sandy layers of the alluvial sediments. The Peninsular Gniessic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes granites and gniess while the soils of Bangalore consist of red laterite and red, fine loamy to clayey soils.Vegetation in the city is primarily in the form of large deciduous canopy and minority coconut trees. Though Bangalore has been classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced quakes of magnitude as high as 4.5.Climate Bangalore has a tropical Savannah climate distinguished with a semi arid climate(Kopen climate classification Aw) with distinct wet and dry seasons. Due to its high elevation, Bangalore usually enjoys a more moderate climate throughout the year, although occasional heat waves can make summer somewhat uncomfortable. The coolest month is January with an average low temperature of 12.0 °C (53.6 °F) and the hottest month is April with an average high temperature of 37 °C (98.6°F). [ The highest temperature ever recorded in Bangalore is 43.4 °C (109°F) (recorded on 24 April 2016) as there was a strong El Nino in 2016. The temperature touched 43 ℃ that day. The lowest ever recorded is 3.2 °C (37.7 °F) in January 1884. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 10 ℃ (50 °F), and summer temperatures seldom exceed 40 °C (104 °F). Bangalore receives rainfall from both the northeast and the southwest monsoons and the wettest months are September, October and August, in that order. The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent thunderstorms, which occasionally cause power outages and local flooding. Most of the rainfall occurs during late afternoon/evening or night and rain before noon is infrequent. November 2015 (290.4 mm) was recorded as one of the wettest months in Bangalore with heavy rains causing severe flooding in some areas, and closure of a number of organisations for over a couple of days. The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is 179 millimetres (7 in) recorded on 1 October 1997.
EconomygurunithyansblogspotRecent estimates of the economy of Bangalore's metropolitan area have ranged from $45 to $110 billion PPP GDP), and have ranked it either fourth most productive city  of India. Value of the city exports totalling ₹432 Billion  (US$6.0 billion) in 2004–05. With an economic growth of 10.3%, Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India, and is also the country's fourth largest fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. Forbes considers Bangalore one of "The Next Decade's Fastest-Growing Cities". The city  is the third largest hub for high net worth individuals and is home to over 10,000-dollar millionaires and about 60,000 super-rich people who have an investment surplus of ₹45 million (US$626,688) and ₹5 million(US$69,600) respectively.The headquarters of several public sector undertaking such as Bharat electronics limited (BEL), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), National Aeronautics limited(NAL),Bharat Heavy electronics limited(BHEL)Bharat Earth movers limited(BEML), Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI) and HMT (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools) are located in Bangalore. In June 1972 the Indian space research organization (ISRO) was established under the Department of Space and headquartered in the city. Bangalore also houses several research and development centres for many firms such as ABB, Airbus, Bosch, Boeing, GE, GM, Google,Microsoft, Mercedes-Benz, Nokia, Oracle, Philips, Shell, Toyota and Tyco.Bangalore is called as the Silicon Valley of India because of the large number of information technology companies located in the city which contributed 33% of India's ₹1,442 billion (US$20 billion) IT exports in 2006–2010. The Bangalore Software industry is divided into three main clusters- Software technology park of India (STPI); International tech park Bangalore (ITPB); and Electronic city. UB City, the headquarters of the United Breweries group, is a high-end commercial zone. Infosys and Wipro, India's third and fourth largest software companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies.The growth of IT has presented the city with unique challenges. Ideological clashes sometimes occur between the city's IT moguls, who demand an improvement in the city's infrastructure, and the state government, whose electoral base is primarily the people in rural Karnataka. The encouragement of high-tech industry in Bangalore, for example, has not favoured local employment development, but has instead increased land values and forced out small enterprise. The  state has also resisted the massive investments required to reverse the rapid decline in city transport which has already begun to drive new and expanding businesses to other centres across India. Bangalore is a hub for biotechnology related industry in India and in the year 2005, around 47% of the 265 biotechnology companies in India were located here; including Biocon, India's largest biotechnology company.Chinna swamy stadium is located in Bengaluru.The chinna swamy stadium in Bangalore.The famous institutions Indian institute of science and Indian institute of management is located in Bangalore.Author: Gurunithyan Rahul